Abstract The chemical and microstructural features of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA)-grafted poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) polymer electrolyte membranes (ETFE-PEMs) through preparation procedures and grafting degree (GD) are investigated by solid-state 13C cross polarization/magic angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP/MAS NMR) spectra, atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Doppler broadening (DB) of positron-annihilation radiation measurement. Especially, sequential order in the structural changes as a response to GD increase is discussed in detail by using the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-CS) analyses. The grafting process at –CH2 sites occurs earlier than that at –CF2 ones. The chemical degradation of ETFE-PEMs (even at a low GD of 8.8 %) observed previously...

Abstract In the present work, composites of SnO2 and biocarbon from cashew residue were applied and reported for the first time as anode materials of Li-ion batteries. The composites were developed via a two-step synthesis route consisting of pretreating the cashew residue to create biocarbon, followed by compositing the biocarbon with SnO2. The calcination temperatures were set at 400 °C and 500 °C, and the synthesized samples were denoted as SOC400 and SOC500, respectively. These temperature points were chosen to be significantly lower than those used in previous studies to reduce production costs and enhance commercial competitiveness. The properties and morphologies of the...

Abstract Let D be a division ring with center F, and let n > 1 be an integer. A known result due to Kursov asserts that if D is finite-dimensional over F, then the commutator width of the general linear group GLn(D) is at most one greater than that of GLn(D). In the absence of the finite-dimensionality assumption, recent research has made significant progress, though the developments typically cease once F is infinite or D is algebraic over F. The purpose of this paper is to show that these restrictions are, in fact, unnecessary. Tran, N.S. (2026) Linear Algebra and its Applications, 728, pp. 376–382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2025.09.015

Abstract In this work, we investigated the thermoelectric properties of MoS2 thin films deposited on SiO2/Si wafer substrates as prepared by the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. A fixed sputtering power of 200 W was maintained for 30 min to facilitate thin film deposition. After thin film deposition, as-deposited thin films were annealed by the vacuum annealing method at 550, 650, and 700 °C. The crystal structure, morphology, film thickness, and atomic composition of the MoS2 thin film were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, respectively. The elemental states of thin films were determined...