Abstract This study presents a hardware countermeasure that integrates two distinct types of random number generators. Recently, several effective time-based countermeasures against side-channel analysis (SCA) have relied on FPGA-specific primitives, such as Xilinx Digital Clock Managers (DCM) and Mixed-Mode Clock Managers (MMCM). However, these solutions lack portability to ASIC platforms. To address this, we propose a Hybrid Dynamic Gold code-based countermeasure that is easily implementable across both ASIC and FPGA platforms. Fabricated in the 180-nm CMOS process, the circuit occupies a total area of 408, 077 μm2 , representing a negligible overhead of only 1.007× in power and 1.012× in hardware compared to the unprotected design. Experimental...

Abstract The Tam Ky–Phuoc Son Ocean in Central Vietnam, a southern branch of the Prototethyan Ocean, holds critical evidence of Early Paleozoic subduction processes in Southeast Asia. However, the polarity and tectonic evolution of its subduction system remain controversial. Here we present new petrographic observations, zircon U-Pb geochronology, in situ zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry for mafic–intermediate rocks from the Kham Duc Complex along the northern margin of the Kontum Massif. These data document arc magmatism at ca. 455–451 Ma. Geochemically, the rocks display pronounced enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Rb, Ba) and depletion in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs;...