Abstract The rapid development of the textile industry has led to the discharge of large amounts of dyes into aquatic environments, such as rivers and lakes. Long-term exposure to these substances causes many adverse health effects. Therefore, compact, highly sensitive sensors that enable rapid, on-site assessment of water quality have received significant attention. High-performance SERS substrates were successfully fabricated by optimizing and controlling the thickness of the shell of core–shell Au@Ag NPs by using both experimental and FDTD calculations. Results on the individual and simultaneous detection of dyes demonstrate the potential of Au@Ag NPs as substrates for environmental applications, where...

Abstract Introduction:  Shared neoantigens derived from recurrent mutations represent promising targets for off-the-shelf (OTS) cancer immunotherapies; however, their clinical utility is often constrained by population-specific HLA diversity and variable immunogenicity. There remains a need for population-tailored neoantigen panels with broad HLA coverage and functional validation. Methods:  We developed a colorectal cancer (CRC)–specific OTS neoantigen panel by integrating TCGA mutation data with HLA class I binding predictions across 68 alleles (18 HLA-A, 34 HLA-B, and 16 HLA-C), covering both Asian and Caucasian populations. Candidate neoantigens were evaluated in a Vietnamese CRC cohort (n = 67) based on mutation and HLA matching....

Abstract Shrimp farming wastewater is a high-salinity and nutrient-rich effluent that contributes to eutrophication, disrupts aquatic ecosystems, and degrades natural habitats. In this study, a microalgae-based membrane bioreactor (A-MBR) integrating Chlorella sorokiniana with activated sludge was developed and evaluated for nutrient removal from synthetic shrimp farming wastewater under saline conditions. The performance of the A-MBR was systematically compared with that of a conventional membrane bioreactor (C-MBR). The A-MBR achieved superior removal efficiencies of 83.7 ± 7.7% for ammonium (NH4+-N), 57.8 ± 27.1% for total nitrogen (TN), and 41.5 ± 10.3% for total phosphorus (TP), outperforming the C-MBR and indicating improved treatment performance and bioreactor stability under salinity stress....

Abstract Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been widely used as a material for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its visible-light activity, low cost, and non-toxicity. However, a rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, poor electrical conductivity, and a low specific surface area of g-C3N4 have hindered its practical performance. Melem/g-C3N4 (abbreviate: MCN) is a newer structure than g-C3N4 and has better light absorption as well as lower electron/hole recombination than pristine g-C3N4. Herein, we report on loading different amounts of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) onto supramolecule-based MCN using chemical reduction. The results showed that incorporating Ni NPs on the surface of MCN...

Abstract Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has been investigated as a promising desalination technology, offering reduced operational voltage and enhanced electrode regeneration capability. Traditional materials used for ion exchange membranes rely on fluorinated polymers, which face drawbacks on fabricating processes and high cost. This study introduces a natural-based cellulose acetate membrane, with improvements by both chemical modification (phosphorylation) and physical blending (graphene oxide (GO) addition) option, and comparison between these enhancing pathways in MCDI application. The structure of synthesized membranes was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. Several properties were used to evaluate the performance of the material, exhibiting...

Abstract In the IoT era, wearable photodetectors play a crucial role in remote healthcare and environmental monitoring. Semiconductors are the most important component of these devices. Among them, ZnO is a potential candidate due to its high charge carrier mobility, mechanical stability, low cost, and non-toxicity. However, ZnO has a limited working range within the UV region. Here, the study introduces the development of an Ag/ZnO hybrid structure using an eco-friendly hydrothermal method for growing ZnO nanorods and producing Ag nanoparticles via green glucose reduction directly on a flexible substrate. When exposed to visible light (464 nm), the developed Ag/ZnO device...

Abstract Counterfactual explanations (CE) can make face classifiers more transparent, yet existing methods implicitly target a single attribute at a time, yield unnatural imagery, overly broad or off-target edits, and weak interpretability. We introduce a unified framework that (i) constrains edits with FacePart-based segmentation masks, (ii) performs localized blended latent diffusion on Stable Diffusion 2.1, (iii) re-ranks candidates via a semantic filter that combines CLIP with a trained classifier, and (iv) applies a controlled PGD adversarial step to expose decisive regions – jointly leveraging prompts, spatial masks, and classification gradients to steer generation while preserving identity. On CelebA-HQ with 40...