Abstract Advanced cryptographic devices employ multiscale countermeasures to bolster resilience against side-channel analysis (SCA). In masking-based defenses, secure substitution-boxes (S-boxes) and effective masking schemes are paramount. Additionally, the time-based hiding techniques, leveraging multiple clocks for individual encryption operations, offer significant protection. This article introduces a novel multiscale countermeasure: an improved tower field masking scheme integrated with an affine transformation-based dynamic S-box. Crucially, we incorporate Gold sequences to generate both a random clock source for horizontal hiding and random values for masking. Extensive evaluation using up to five million power traces demonstrates the robustness of our approach against standard correlation power...

Abstract Let D be a division ring with center F, and let n > 1 be an integer. A known result due to Kursov asserts that if D is finite-dimensional over F, then the commutator width of the general linear group GLn(D) is at most one greater than that of GLn(D). In the absence of the finite-dimensionality assumption, recent research has made significant progress, though the developments typically cease once F is infinite or D is algebraic over F. The purpose of this paper is to show that these restrictions are, in fact, unnecessary. Tran, N.S. (2026) Linear Algebra and its Applications, 728, pp. 376–382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2025.09.015

Abstract In this work, we investigated the thermoelectric properties of MoS2 thin films deposited on SiO2/Si wafer substrates as prepared by the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. A fixed sputtering power of 200 W was maintained for 30 min to facilitate thin film deposition. After thin film deposition, as-deposited thin films were annealed by the vacuum annealing method at 550, 650, and 700 °C. The crystal structure, morphology, film thickness, and atomic composition of the MoS2 thin film were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, respectively. The elemental states of thin films were determined...

Abstract Background: Acellular tubular artery scaffolds offer structural support for vascular regeneration but are inherently limited by poor anticoagulant properties, which increases the risk of thrombus formation following implantation. This thrombogenicity remains a major obstacle to their clinical application, particularly in small-diameter vascular grafts. Methods: To address this challenge, the present study investigates the use of the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly technique for heparin immobilization under low-speed rotation. Utilizing a roller tube system, heparin was immobilized onto decellularized scaffolds through electrostatic interactions facilitated by a DHI-based linker. This low-speed rotation LbL approach enhanced the uniformity and stability of heparin deposition compared...

Abstract This article tackles the ill-posed challenge of solving a nonlinear heat transfer equation in backward form. Traditional regularization methods (Tikhonov, quasi-reversibility, quasi-boundary value, truncation, etc.) exist, but we introduce a novel approach based on nonlocal diffusion equations with a rescaled convolution kernel. We will provide error estimates and demonstrate the accuracy of this technique under specific assumptions. Nguyen, D.M., Dang, D.T. and Bui, T.D. (2026) Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 152(Part C), p. 109258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2025.109258

Abstract This study investigates and compares the characteristics and potential sources of carbonaceous aerosols in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) between urban and suburban areas of Hanoi. Daily samples were collected at two sites in Hanoi, Vietnam, including HUCE (urban) and Thuong Tin (suburban), during June, July, and August 2024, corresponding to the summer period in Hanoi. The average concentrations of organic carbon (OC) were 10.80 µg/m3 at HUCE and 16.16 µg/m3 at Thuong Tin, while elemental carbon (EC) averaged 1.65 µg/m3 and 1.75 µg/m3, respectively. Carbonaceous aerosols accounted for over 30% of PM2.5 mass at both sites, emphasizing the importance of carbonaceous matter in Hanoi’s atmospheric particulate composition....